What you should know
Scammers often operate from abroad
While some scams operate from within Canada, fraudsters are more commonly based in other countries. This way they avoid any legal consequences in Canada.
Law enforcement between countries can be difficult. Police will generally only pursue high-stakes scams — ones that take a lot of people for a lot of money.
All this to help you keep your expectations reasonable about what you may or may not be able to get back if you’ve been scammed.
If someone has used your credit card
If you suspect someone has used your credit card, contact your credit card company immediately. You could avoid having to pay for any purchases made with a lost or stolen credit card. Just remain calm and patient on the phone with them.
If you’ve voluntarily given your credit card information to someone, things are trickier. It may be harder to get back the money you lost.
If you’ve been tricked into signing a contract or buying a product or service
If you were tricked into signing a contract, there’s a chance you’ll be protected by laws that provide a "cooling-off" period. These laws let you cancel a contract that you signed, if things go sideways.
Door-to-door sales and ongoing contracts (like a club membership) are examples of contracts that can be cancelled within 10 days of signing. You don’t have to have any reason for cancelling.
If your identity has been stolen
If someone has taken your personal information and used it to access your finances or make purchases in your name, they’ve committed identity theft.
Identity theft can damage your credit report. A credit report is a detailed list of your credit and bill-paying history and other information about you. Your credit report helps businesses, banks, and others decide if you’re likely to pay your bills on time.
Take action
You probably won't get all of your money back, but you can stop further damage. Here are steps to take to prevent further problems.
Step 2. Gather any information you have
Gather any records you have relating to the scam — emails or other communication, bank statements, contracts, online brochures, or ads.
Make a list of anything that may be lost or stolen. Write down details of your credit card information, bank account numbers or identification that may have gone missing.
Step 3. If a credit card or bank account is involved, notify your financial institutions
If you think someone has used your credit cards or accessed your bank account, immediately notify your financial institutions. Cancel the cards. Close or put a hold on any accounts that might be affected.
If you think someone has stolen your identity, ask your financial institutions to investigate the identity theft. Find out if the institution requires written documentation to begin investigating. Send them whatever they need as soon as possible.
Step 4. If any identification is missing, cancel it
If any government-issued identification was lost or stolen, contact the agency issuing the document.
Service Canada
Step 6. Protect your devices
If you used your computer or cellphone to communicate with a scam operator, or if a device was infected by a scam:
- take your device to a professional to have it checked
- you may have to reset your computer back to its original settings, so be sure to back everything up
- make sure you have up-to-date software to prevent spam and viruses
Step 7. Report the incident to the police
It’s important that you report the incident to your local police department. While you should have realistic expectations about whether they’ll track the scammer down, it’s important for the authorities to compile statistics on these things so they can allocate their resources well.
If you think your identity may have been stolen, you don’t need to know the name of the thief. Show the police the unauthorized charges, debt collection letters, or other evidence that you’re the victim of this crime.
You may not get your money back, but it’s still important to report. A critical mass of reported scams is often what spurs law enforcement to take action.
Also, banks and creditors sometimes ask for proof of a crime to erase debts created by a scam or identity theft. So ask the police for a report number and write it down.
Step 8. Contact credit reporting agencies
Contact the credit reporting agencies (we'll explain how to contact them in just a bit). Tell them about the scam or identity theft. Equifax and TransUnion are the two main agencies in Canada that prepare credit reports.
Ask whether you should have a fraud alert placed on your file. This will trigger businesses or banks to call you before opening any new accounts or changing your existing accounts.
Ask each credit reporting agency to send you a copy of your credit report. The agencies must send you a free copy of your report in the mail. You can also get your report online but you might have to pay.
The credit report may show if the scammer or thief incurred debt or opened accounts in your name.
Here is contact info for the credit reporting agencies.
Step 9. Report the incident to consumer agencies
If you report the scam, it may prevent others from being ripped off by the scam operator.
Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre
Better Business Bureau
Consumer Protection BC
Who can help
Helpful agencies
Depending on your situation, these agencies can also be of help.
VictimLink BC
Credit Counselling Society
People's Law School
Related
On Dial-A-Law
Dial-A-Law has more information on Scams & identity theft in the section on Consumer.